For example, the accessibility feature commonly referred to as MouseKeys has helped users other than those with disabilities. Many times, making computers and their operating systems more accessible can actually make them easier to use by everyone. Making Computers More Accessible Usually Helps All Users Because the X Window System is very popular among corporations, universities, research facilities, and the federal government, there is a need to address the accessibility issue of X. It has been estimated that seven to nine out of every ten major corporations employ individuals with disabilities.
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This number increases to seventy-five percent for those who are over seventy. In addition, by age fifty-five, twenty-five percent of us will experience functional limitations. Based on the US Congress Office of Technology Assessment OTA-BA-264, in fifty years it is estimated that one third of the population will be over fifty years of age and one sixth will be over seventy. Since people often acquire disabilities with age, the number of individuals with a disability or functional limitation will grow increasingly larger as the "baby boomers" age. have disabilities which affect their ability to use computers. The Number of People with Disabilities is Growingīetween thirty and forty million people in the U.S. Some of the most significant reasons include the following: the number of people with disabilities is growing, making computers more accessible usually helps all users, and federal legislation has been enacted to help ensure computers and operating systems are accessible. Many reasons exist for making the X Window System accessible. In this paper, we address issues regarding graphical user interfaces (GUI's) and physical and sensory disabilities.1 Although they are extremely important and still need considerable attention, the issues regarding cognitive and language impairments are complex and merit a separate discussion. In addition, almost two million Americans are deaf.Ĭognitive and language impairments include a wide range of information processing skills such as problems solving,memorization, language skills, learning and perception, and deficits in orientation, attention, or judgment. Like visual impairments, hearing loss is part of the natural aging process and more than fifteen million Americans have some form of hearing loss. People with a hearing loss find it difficult to distinguish important audible information the computer might be creating from the normal environment background noise. The National Society for the Prevention of Blindness estimates that eleven million people in the United States have visual impairments. Although many people have visual impairments from birth, people often acquire visual impairments as a result of the natural aging process. Visual impairments cause people difficulty reading and seeing information displayed on the computer screen. Over thirty million people have one or more of these conditions. Examples of people with movement impairments include people with advanced arthritis, carpel tunnel syndrome, spinal cord injury, head injury, multiple sclerosis, muscular dystrophy, and cerebral palsy. People with a movement impairment typically have difficulty using a computer's input devices. An abbreviated list includes movement, visual, hearing, and cognitive/language impairments. It is important to understand there are many different types and severities of impairments that can lead to disabilities.
These hooks allow developers to extend the capabilities of X and could be considered features which facilitate "alternative access" solutions by third parties.
Some of the plans discuss "direct access" features that can be built directly into the base X product, and other plans discuss hooks that can be added to the base products. We also present plans that address the accessibility issues of X by providing multiple methods for information input and output. In this paper, we describe issues regarding accessibility for people with physical and sensory disabilities. In addition, the American Disabilities Act of 1990 requires all employers to provide an accessible workplace for their employees. This amendment requires federal agencies to include accessibility provisions or requirements in the RFP process for electronic office equipment. In 1986, the federal government enacted Section 508, which is an amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. While electronic office equipment has offered increased productivity and independence to many individuals, it has also presented barriers to some users, namely those with disabilities. Making the X Window System Accessible to People with Disabilities Making the X Window System Accessible to People with Disabilities
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